(1) Europium: Rare Cofactor for Methylotrophs

Recent studies have demonstrated that some methylotrophs, such as Methylotenera mobilis and M. fumariolicum SolV, can oxidize methanol using europium (Eu) or gadolinium (Gd) as a cofactor as well as the lanthanides, but the catalytic efficiency is significantly decreased with any REEs that are heavier than neodymium (Nd) (Jahn et al., 2018).